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Joystick Controlled Servo

Part of the 100 Days 100 IoT Projects challenge.

Overview

Control an SG90 servo motor using a joystick module with Raspberry Pi Pico 2W and MicroPython. Moving the joystick along the X axis smoothly rotates the servo from 0° to 180°.

Components

Component Quantity
Raspberry Pi Pico 2W 1
SG90 Servo Motor 1
Joystick Module 1
Jumper Wires Few

Wiring

circuit_image

SG90 Servo

Servo Wire Pico 2W Pin
Red (VCC) VBUS (Pin 40) — 5V
Brown (GND) GND
Orange (Signal) GP0 (Pin 1)

Joystick Module

Joystick Pin Pico 2W Pin
VCC 3.3V (Pin 36)
GND GND
VRx (X axis) GP26 (Pin 31)

Code

import machine
import time

# Hardware setup
vrx = machine.ADC(machine.Pin(26))  # Joystick X axis
servo = machine.PWM(machine.Pin(0))
servo.freq(50)  # SG90 = 50Hz

def set_angle(angle):
    # 0° = 1000us, 90° = 1500us, 180° = 2000us
    us = int(1000 + (angle / 180) * 1000)
    duty = int(us * 65535 / 20000)
    servo.duty_u16(duty)

def map_val(x, in_min, in_max, out_min, out_max):
    return int((x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min)

print("Joystick Servo Control ready!")

while True:
    # Average 5 samples for smooth reading
    x_raw = sum(vrx.read_u16() for _ in range(5)) // 5
    
    # Map joystick (0-65535) to angle (0-180)
    angle = map_val(x_raw, 0, 65535, 0, 180)
    
    set_angle(angle)
    print(f"Raw: {x_raw}  Angle: {angle}°")
    
    time.sleep(0.05)

How It Works

  • Joystick X axis gives analog values from 0 to 65535 via ADC
  • 5 samples are averaged to eliminate noise and get smooth readings
  • Values are mapped to servo angle range (0° to 180°)
  • SG90 servo is controlled via PWM at 50Hz — standard for RC servos
  • Pulse width: 1000µs = 0°, 1500µs = 90°, 2000µs = 180°

Dependencies

  • MicroPython (standard firmware)
  • No external libraries needed

Getting Started

  1. Wire up components as per the wiring table above
  2. Flash MicroPython firmware on Pico 2W
  3. Open main.py in Thonny IDE
  4. Run the script — move joystick to control servo!

Author

Kritish Mohapatra
B.Tech Electrical Engineering (3rd Year)
IoT | Embedded Systems | MicroPython | ESP32

⭐ Support

If you like this project, give it a ⭐ on GitHub and feel free to fork it!

Happy hacking 🚀